Non-Stationarity Analysis of Vehicle-to-Vulnerable Road Users Channel in Critical Scenarios

Abstract

Direct vehicle-to-vulnerable road users (V2VRU) communication can prevent accidents by providing 360° awareness and improving detection, localization, and tracking of both vehicles and VRUs. Having a realistic channel is a prerequisite for developing a reliable V2VRU communication system. In order to parameterize a geometry-based stochastic channel model (GSCM), it is important to determine the length of local quasi-stationarity regions. Therefore, in this work, the non-stationarity of the V2VRU channel is analyzed by estimating the generalized local scattering function (GLSF) and its collinearity based on the channel measurement data. The estimated stationarity distance is presented for the three most critical accident scenarios in urban environment. We find that the observed rapid fluctuations of the stationarity distance are mainly caused by the sudden change in the Doppler domain at the collision point, strong multipath, and the blockage of the line of sight by parked vehicles.