Array-Fed RIS: Validation of Friis-Based Modeling Using Full-Wave Simulations

Abstract

Space-Fed large antenna arrays offer superior efficiency, simplicity, and reductions in size, weight, power, and cost (SWaP-C) compared to constrained-feed systems. Historically, horn antennas have been used for space feeding, but they suffer from limitations such as bulky designs, low aperture efficiency (≈ 50%), and restricted degrees of freedom at the continuous aperture. In contrast, planar patch arrays achieve significantly higher aperture efficiency (> 90%) due to their more uniform aperture distribution, reduced weight, and increased degrees of freedom from the discretized aperture. Building on these advantages, we proposed an array-fed Reflective Intelligent Surface (RIS) system, where an active multi-antenna feeder (AMAF) optimizes power transfer by aligning with the principal eigenmode of the AMAF-RIS propagation matrix T. While our previous studies relied on the Friis transmission formula for system modeling, we now validate this approach through full-wave simulations in CST Microwave Studio®. By comparing the Friis-Based matrix, T<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Friis</inf>, with the full-wave solution, T<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">full.wave</inf>, we validate the relevance of the Friis-Based modeling for top-level system design. Our findings confirm the feasibility of the proposed AMAF-RIS architecture for next generation communication systems.